Manners has to do with how we think about and treat others, including strangers. When there's too much emphasis on building "self" esteem in kids, they can grow up thinking more about themselves and become desensitize to others. Here's something I wrote about self-esteem for a book chapter on self-awareness a few years ago that you may (or may not, of course!) find interesting:
The Costs of High Self-Esteem
Self esteem refers to one?s general feelings about his or her self-worth. Many parents and teachers, particularly in the United States, have become preoccupied with the development and benefits of high self esteem. They assume that the payoffs of high-self esteem include greater happiness, personal success, and contributions to one?s organizations and communities. Recent research, however, is challenging the widely believed assumptions that high self-esteem is inevitably a positive characteristic. People who have high self-esteem do tend to be happier, have more self-confidence, and expect to have a good future, in part because they have self-enhancing biases (for example, they think they have more positive characteristics than the norm). But their high self-esteem doesn?t necessarily translate into higher grades, more kindness toward others, better job performance, greater leadership ability, or positive citizenship behavior. Indeed, gang members often have high self-esteem, but they pursue that self-esteem through destructive behaviors. Furthermore, when compared to people with high self-esteem, people with low self-esteem are not more prone to behaviors that are destructive to oneself or others.
Researcher Jennifer Crocker and her colleagues argue that it?s how one pursues self-esteem, rather than whether one has high or low self-esteem that determines whether high self-esteem will benefit oneself, others, organizations, and one?s communities. For example, if one ties his or her self-worth to high academic achievement, looking good to others, or having a lot of material success, these goals can backfire by creating excessive stress, physical problems, and even increased drug and alcohol use. People with these goals can use unethical or destructive means to achieve these goals. One can cheat on an exam to do well at school, take drugs to maintain the high-energy it may take to work excessive hours, get into extreme debt in order to have abundant material possessions, or sunbathe because they believe the sun tan will make them look good, despite ample medical evidence that doing so increases one?s chances of getting cancer.
Notably, Crocker and her colleagues found that students who base their self-esteem on grades do not necessarily get better grades than those who do not, but they do tend to feel worse when they receive poor grades, and show ?greater drops in self-esteem, positive emotions, and more detachment from their majors when they received poor grades.? Furthermore, researchers Harry Wallace and Roy Baumeister argue that high self-esteem can turn into narcissism, and some research suggests that narcisists are more likely to put considerable effort into highly visible projects in which their efforts will be admired by others, yet are more likely to reduce their effort when the spotlight isn?t on them.
The lesson here is that if we want to achieve greater benefits and fewer costs associated with high self-esteem, we should focus not only on whether one has high or low self-esteem, but also on how one pursues feelings of self-worth. Strategies based on achieving external standards such as how one appears to others (grades, physical appearance, material possessions) are less likely to bring benefits than are strategies based on contributing to others, living in accordance with personal values, and having the desire and ability to control one?s behaviors when these behaviors may be harmful to oneself or others.
Crocker and her colleague, Lora Park, remind well-intentioned parents and teachers that ??attempts to raise children?s self-esteem by teaching them that they are ?special,? ?fabulous,? or ?unique? may be teaching narcissism rather than self-worth and self-respect.? Instead, positive self-esteem ?requires the strong motivation that results from having goals that are larger than the self.?
Baumeister, Roy. F, ?Low Self-Esteem Does Not Cause Aggression.? American Psychological Association Monitor, Vol. 30, No. 4.
Crocker, Jennifer, and Lora E. Park, ?The Costly Pursuit of Self-Esteem,? Psychologial Bulletin, 2004, 130(3), 2004.
Crocker, Jennifer, Diane Quinn, Andrew Karpinski, and Sara Chase, ?When Grades Determine Self-Worth: Consequences of Contingent Self-Worth for Male and Female Engineering and Psychology Majors,? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003, 85(3), 507-516.
Crocker, Jennifer and Connie T. Wolfe, ?Contingencies of Self-Worth,? Psychological Review, 2001, Vol. 108, No. 3, 593-623
Wallace, Harry and Roy Baumeister, ?The Performance of Narcissists Rises and Falls With Perceived Opportunity for Glory?, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, May 2002, 82(5), pp. 819-834.