It's not quite that simple but let me partially lay out what my strategies would be in this instance if I was a "wall neighbor." I would document through surveying the conditions of my property, my neighbors property, and nearby natural areas at the beginning of hurricane season. If a hurricane hit, I would hire a qualified person (read "coastal expert") to have the beaches re-surveyed and analyzed to "tease out" if there was a measurable difference in my losses versus my neighbors, myself, and the control areas. There are predictive, quantitative and qualitative models that can be used to measure these differences as downdrift impacts have been studied just about forever.
If there were impacts, I would hire a lawyer and argue that even if the owner was able to get a permit to protect his house, his permit does not give him the right to construct an artificial structure on the beach that negatively impacted my property. I would also have put my neighbor on notice that his structure could become a nuisance to my property.
Keep in mind, I am not a lawyer in this instance, but I know of one local one that would probably take the case. So best case scenario is that the walled property owner would only have legal fees, but they could be paying to replace my sand or more and we all know how expensive that is.